Argumentative Problem - Solution Paper Research

Factious Problem - Solution - Research Paper Example Watchwords: Deforestation, environmental change, nursery impacts and gases, and a dangerous atmospheric devation Introduction The most recent 100 years have encountered an expansion in worldwide temperature by roughly 1 Fahrenheit for every year, this rate is twice that saw over the most recent thousand years. The normal vitality connected carbon dioxide discharge as indicated by the Pew Center on Climate Change, have ascended by more than 130 percent since 1850; from 200,000,000 to 27 billion tons for each year. This is anticipated to ascend by a further 60 percent by 2030 (Afzal, p. 1). The Arctic and Antarctic ice tops are contracting, the ice on peaks is softening, and the permafrost at the cold is defrosting. Logical vulnerability exists concerning the seriousness and speed of a worldwide temperature alteration and atmosphere changes. A dangerous atmospheric devation is happening without a doubt, and the wellbeing effect of this marvel will surely require educated reactions by h uman services callings (Gray, p. 6-10). Review of Climate Change and Global Warming Greenhouse impacts impact an Earth-wide temperature boost. Nursery impacts depict the ascent in earth’s temperature because of the nearness of such gases as methane, and carbon dioxide in the earth’s environment. ... Human action expands ozone depleting substances creation expanding their impacts on earth. Ozone depleting substances increment prompts brought down light of infrared beams back to space. Therefore, earth’s normal temperatures rise, adding to environmental change (Afzal, p. 1). Speculation Climate change is a marvel that the world is as of now encountering. This is bore witness to by atmosphere changes around the world. There has likewise been an expansion of wellbeing complexities identified with environmental change, for example, lung inconveniences, skin and heart intricacies. This paper gives a concise review of a dangerous atmospheric devation and its consequences for general wellbeing. Techniques Statistical strategies were utilized to break down the issue. Earth’s temperature information gathered from satellites in space, inflatables and remote locales were contrasted with intermediary temperature. Information from territories hard hit by environmental change and an Earth-wide temperature boost was utilized to examine the wellbeing impacts of the wonder on people (Reiter, p. 5-14). Results Mounting proof proposes that an unnatural weather change influences human wellbeing through occasions, for example, changes in water and air quality, extraordinary climate occasions just as irresistible ailment nature changes. Europe in 2003 encountered the most sweltering summer in years with normal temperatures surpassing the typical temperature by 3.5 degrees Celsius. Near 22,000 individuals passed on because of this warmth wave. Chicago occupants in 1995 experienced warmth waves arriving at 106o F, which came about to the demise of hundreds. In 2005, United States encountered the effect of an extraordinary climate occasion; Hurricane Katrina, which came about to the passing of 1,464 individuals. These occasions show the test of concocting a powerful and proficient general wellbeing reaction (Afzal, p. 1). During a large portion of the flooding

Provide a briefing note to the Secretary of State for Energy and Essay

Give an instructions note to the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change ahead of time of the planning of another Energy Bill - Essay Example s depended on the arrangements of the Energy White Paper of 2007, Energy White Paper of 2003, the Energy Review Report of 2006 and the Low Carbon Transition Plan of July 2009 Previous vitality Bills in the United Kingdom have added to economical utilization of vitality through different methods. The vitality laws have assisted with directing the tax collection and utilization of vitality as far as both sustainable and non-sustainable power source. They have given the legitimate arrangements that have guideline extraction of vitality assets, assembling, transportation and selling of vitality items in the nation (Makuch and Pereira, 2012). This implies the vitality advertisers and wholesalers in the nation work inside restrictions of vitality laws guaranteeing that they don't abuse residents or abuse vitality assets that could prompt natural issues and vitality exhaustion. Past laws have helped in the above issues as vitality use has expanded throughout the years as appeared in the out line underneath A significant part of the past vitality laws and bills is that they have helped in giving a domain that gives to rivalry in the vitality area among vitality firms, both huge and little. This has helped in balancing out costs of vitality items for the purchaser on the grounds that the opposition has guaranteed that organizations give serious costs to charm customers to purchase their brands. The vitality laws perceive that vitality is required in all divisions of the economy and considers issues of creation and conveyance of different types of vitality and future necessities of the equivalent. The difficulties that the past vitality bulls have neglected to address incorporate Past vitality charges in the UK have met a few reactions as to an assortment of issues. To begin with, UK vitality bills have been reprimanded for empowering misuse of vitality. Vitality laws in UK have been inadequate in guaranteeing that it fulfills the guidelines of the EU vitality sparing laws. The principle purpose behind this has been poor usage of the bills put in

Impact of Csr

Childcare offices over the entirety of our creation and work focuses . - Achieve a sound corporate administration. An open entryway strategy where each worker has a discussion to discuss issues if at all with Management. - Promoting Organic Cotton Products encourages s to deal with the various perspectives which can legitimately or in a roundabout way impacts us and our general public and they stay with us joyfully as long as possible. At the point when Society is profited, we are profited as a matter of course. Worker resolve it our workforce stay inspired, 10. Whenever requested recommendation, what fundamental changes might you want to make in the field of CAR? Reviewing ought to be accomplished all the more carefully - exceptional laws ought to be made for female specialists as indicated by us more guidelines and guidelines ought to be made for ladies strengthening and government ought to have greater contribution in the progressing procedure. What's more, some Governmental assis tance would be extraordinary. Government should help We are doing it fine 1 . Does CAR have any financial impacts on your company?Is there any substitute of CAR? Indeed No 1 4 80% 16. Have you missed any request on account of not following CAR? Truly No 05 100% 17. HOW fruitful CAR your organization? 10-30% 31 †51 †76-100% 1 18. What percent of your Company's income goes for following CAR, consistently? Around 2-3 % roughly 1-2 % 1-2 % Can't unveil. N/A 19. How significant do you think CAR is when all is said in done? Important Not Important 3 1 20. Do you have any unique Laws and Facilities for Women Workers? Truly 5 No O 21. Do you permit Collective bartering? Truly No 1 4 80% 22.Do you have any exceptional law for Child Labor? Truly No 5 0 100% 0% 23. It is safe to say that you are utilizing any outside or inner CAR activities Auditing Team? Truly 2 40% NO 3 24. On what standards the inspecting group marks you? Worldwide Compact Global Reporting Initiative Good Business Framework CAR objectives and targets CAR rehearses, arrangements ND culture Approach to CAR related issues concerning its inner dynamic procedure 001 1 2 1 25 Please tick whether you concur/differ Witt tolling explanations asset escalated and exorbitant concept] Yes 4 80% No 1 20% 25.Please tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting following articulations. [02. Vehicle is preferably the commitment of huge global organizations over of Seems] Yes 1 20% No 4 25. It would be ideal if you tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting following explanations. [03. Vehicle should be emphatically advanced by government authorities] Yes 3 60% No 2 40% 25. If it's not too much trouble tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting following explanations. 04. Appears can possibly focus on CAR if assets are given by the administration or other institutions] yes 5 100% NO 0 25. If it's not too much trouble tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting following explanations. 05. V ehicle should be administered to guarantee a wide uptake] Yes 4 No 1 20% 25. It would be ideal if you tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting following articulations. [06. A dependable organization is a firm that carefully withstands to work and natural laws] 25. If it's not too much trouble tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting following explanations. [07. Dependable organizations go past what is legally necessary to have a beneficial outcome n society and the environment] Yes 4 No 1 20% 25. It would be ideal if you tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting following proclamations. [08.CAR is a significant essential if a firm needs to go into a business relationship with a Western company] Yes 3 60% No 2 40% 25. If you don't mind tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting following articulations. [09. Vehicle is a proportionate for corporate governance] Yes 4 80% No 1 20% 25. If you don't mind tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting followi ng explanations. [10. Vehicle is an identical for philanthropy] Yes 5 100% No 0 25. It would be ideal if you tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting following articulations. [1 1 . Vehicle incorporates activities to ensure the environment] Yes 5 100% No 0 25.Please tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting following proclamations. [12. Appears can actualize CAR just with the assistance of outside advisors] Yes 2 40% No 3 60% 25. If you don't mind tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting following explanations. [13. Vehicle envelops a lot of exercises organizations complete autonomously of their every day business operations] Yes No 5 0 100% 0% new extravagant name for something that nearby organizations have just been accomplishing for a long time] yes 5 100% NO 25. It would be ideal if you tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting following proclamations. 15.CAR is idea which is more significant for organizations situated in created than in creating c ountries] Yes 3 60% No 2 40% 25. It would be ideal if you tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting following articulations. [16. Vehicle is more significant for the assembling ventures than for the administration sector] Yes 4 80% NO 1 25. It would be ideal if you tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting following articulations. [17. Vehicle is basically inspired by advertising or promoting considerations] Yes 3 60% No 2 25. It would be ideal if you tick whether you concur/can't help contradicting following articulations. [18. Vehicle can prompt an expansion in profits] Yes 5 100% No 0

Tragedy and Toxicity in Kitchen and The Perks of Being a Wallflower - Literature Essay Samples

When one reads through Banana Yoshimoto’s Kitchen and Stephen Chbosky’s The Perks of Being a Wallflower there are not any striking similarities. The ages of the characters, the trials they go through, and the culture they are respectively surrounded by do not imitate each other in any way. However, there is a common trait to each of these novels; while Kitchen deals with death and The Perks of Being a Wallflower focuses on teen discovery, both novels find their protagonists stuck in difficult relationships with each other. Furthermore, these relationships are pushed past the bounds of normal friendship, creating difficult relationship dynamics that require the main characters to lean on each other while simultaneously pushing each other away. It is the push and pull seen in said relationships that raises the question of toxicity; though, we must question who is capable of judging said toxicity. These novels are not outright related, but by examining the relationships th eir main characters develop throughout the plot, the similarities are made clear. In the novella Kitchen, the two main protagonists, Mikage and Yuichi, are thrust together after the loss of Mikage’s grandmother, her last living relative. Mikage, an aspiring chef who has lost almost everyone close to her, and Yuichi, a young man dealing with the recent death of his father turned mother, attempt to navigate this unexpected relationship while responding to the tragedy that has befallen both of them. As the story begins Mikage and Yuichi have a healthy, almost enviable friendship. Mikage is capable of understanding Yuichi’s true feelings by seeing past his faà §ade, it is â€Å"Because I wasn’t in love with Yuichi, I understood that very well† (29). The lack of romance in their relationship provides a space with no expectations, each member is allowed to be themselves without judgement. However, as Dr. Zack Carter, professor of communication at Taylor College, writes in his article 1-on-1 Opposite Sex Friends: A Blind Spot Threat to Marria ge, â€Å"There is extremely little research or widespread literature on opposite sex friendship that does not indicate attraction and its conceivable consequences.† These consequences are noted when Yuichi’s girlfriend, who believes the relationship between him and Mikage has developed beyond friendship, slaps him in their school cafeteria, thus becoming his ex-girlfriend. In the beginning portion of the novella, the relationship between Yuichi and Mikage is one of pure friendship, and though the two may have small inklings of feelings, there is nothing to suggest an unhealthy relationship. The death of Eriko, Yuichi’s male to female transgender mother, is shocking to both the reader and the main characters of Kitchen. It is in this tragedy that the true test of Mikage and Yuichi’s relationship occurs and, while they both feel the pain of Eriko’s passing, for Yuichi this is the death of both his mother and his father. While Mikage can relate, as she has lost every blood relation she had, she does not know how to be there for Yuichi in the way he was for her. The grey-area of their relationship has widened with time and tragedy, leaving Mikage and Yuichi on opposite sides. The mental health of both characters again must be called into question to determine if their relationship is toxic. While Mikage is simply refusing to cope by refusing to grieve, Yuichi is truly worrying. Early on in the novella it is noted that â€Å"He was terribly, terribly sad.† (29) However, that feeling is most likely nothing in comparison to the amount of grief and s orrow the loss of a parent provokes. With Eriko’s passing came a wave of unsurprising sadness, but this time Yuichi can’t cover it up with his usual jokes and smiles. He instead retreats into depression and eventually hits hikikomori which is, as multiple scholars have noted, â€Å"a term that’s also used to describe the young people who withdraw† (Kremer/Hammond). The issue that arises with Yuichi is clearly not healthy for his mental state, but does that qualify his relationship with Mikage as unhealthy as well? While issues in communication are mainly one-sided, Mikage is still willing to travel to Yuichi to drag him out of his funk, repaying the kindness shown to her by both Yuichi and Eriko. This relationship, however, does not rely on a barter system; these two do not trade good deed for good deed. Mikage and Yuichi are friends before anything else, they understand each other on a deeper level and, even when one is sinking into the darkness, they ca n pull each other back to reality. As in Kitchen, the protagonists in The Perks of Being a Wallflower are involved in complicated platonic and romantic relationships with each other. Charlie, a high school freshman and stereotypical wallflower, is â€Å"adopted† by Samantha and Patrick, two high school seniors that take notice of his isolation and work to rid him of his wallflower status. Though Charlie is just a freshman, Sam and Patrick force him to actively participate in not only his first high school party, but his life. As the professor of psychology at Hanover College, Dr. Skip Dine Young, summarizes, â€Å"it is during adolescence that we really begin to construct coherent, lasting stories about the kind of people we are, what we believe and what we value.† Sam and Patrick could be portrayed as good friends; they are simply attempting to break Charlie out of his shell and make him a participant of the real world. There is evidence of this in the Rocky Horror Picture Show in which Charlie is decid edly made Rocky, the character that has to wear basically nothing. Though this garners Charlie a larger friend group and eventually a senior girlfriend, there is some question about exposing Charlie to such a scene. Furthermore, the introduction to the high school party scene also introduces Charlie to drugs and alcohol being recreationally used. It is not Sam and Patrick’s fault that Charlie has anxious tendencies and shows signs of PTSD, but to introduce him to such vices is a dangerous idea. The toxicity of this friendship, at least at the beginning of the novel, comes into question because of their part in introducing Charlie to these vices; however, it seems there is more of a positive outcome than a negative. A review of the character Charlie reveals that â€Å"It is when his support group is the strongest that his symptoms subside.† (Bowman) So, at least in the first few parts of the novel The Perks of Being a Wallflower, Charlie establishes somewhat healthy rel ationships with his peers, a feat he had struggled with in the past. â€Å"So, this is my life,† Though Charlie attempts to inform the reader of the feelings stirring inside, he is incapable of truly describing what is happening within his brain. â€Å"And I want you to know that I am both happy and sad and I’m still trying figure out how that could be† (11). Charlie does not have an easy life, neither does Sam, and neither does Patrick, but put them all together and somehow they make their lives work. They have fun and do crazy, high-school things, but they’re all hiding something. As The Perks of Being a Wallflower moves into its depths, we discover that Patrick is in a relationship with a closeted jock while Sam is just trying to find a guy that won’t ruin her life. And then there’s Charlie with issues deeper than either other protagonist can understand. There is no question of healthy relationship in the second portion of the novel; these three don’t have one. At least, there is not a healthy relati onship between Sam and Charlie or Charlie and Patrick. They encourage â€Å"risk-taking behavior,† a trait that Kalila Borghini of GoodTherapy lists as an unhealthy way of coping. Beyond that, they use Charlie for their own risk-taking behaviors; Patrick kisses Charlie after his boyfriend breaks up with him, and Sam allows him to love her while he’s in a relationship with another girl. Even after they use him, they both have the idea that it is somehow his fault, that Charlie should have known better than to follow the lead of the older friends he thought he could trust. Though Sam and Patrick are good friends in the way that they bring Charlie out of his own head, there is a question of if he is there for his own benefit or theirs. One can argue that if that question needs to be asked, the answer is already clear. Looking at the novella and the novel examined in earlier paragraphs, perhaps it is still not clear how they intersect. The first parallel to be drawn is between Mikage, the female protagonist from Kitchen, and Charlie, the male protagonist from The Perks of Being a Wallflower. Both Charlie and Mikage find themselves in some kind of debt to their counterparts; while Mikage owes Yuichi for his invitation into his home, Charlie owes Sam and Patrick for their invitation into their friend group. The point here is not to compare what is done for Charlie and Mikage, but rather look at how these two behave as if they owe the people that care for them. There is a sense of guilt shared between the two, even if their fellow characters attempt to eradicate it. Furthermore, these characters deal with the tragedies of their lives in basically the same manner: denial. The ability to put their head down and pretend that they are okay is a shared ability; however, while Mikage must take care of Yuich i, this ability cracks Charlie and he has a complete mental breakdown. These two are not the only characters that contain similarities as Sam and Patrick line up in an surprising way with Yuichi. Yuichi is obviously depressed, and one could argue there is more of him in Charlie than in Sam and Patrick; however, Yuichi is the counterpart to Mikage like Sam and Patrick are to Charlie. Yuichi exploits Mikage’s willingness to make him happy and though it is not in a malicious way, it is similar to how Sam and Patrick exploit Charlie’s willingness to be the wallflower friend. Kitchen does not paint Yuichi in a negative light because of this nor does Perks, but it is worth noting that these characters are relatable in their ability to almost manipulate the main character. The biggest difference between these novels is the toxicity of the relationships. While Mikage and Yuichi have a generally stable relationship, Charlie does not have such a friendship with Sam and Patrick. Though this could be attributed to a number of varying factors including age and setting, it is feasible to question if the characters themselves are the driving force behind the functionality of these relationships. The relationships in Kitchen and The Perks of Being a Wallflower are, at best, somewhat healthy. However, when presented with tragedy we see how these characters and their relationships are quite different. While Mikage and Yuichi evolve with their tragedy, they never lose sight of assisting and being there for each other. In Perks, we find that Sam, Charlie, and Patrick are incapable of evolving together and instead fall apart when things are tough, only reconciling after the true hardship is over. The toxicity of each, respective relationship cannot be determined through simple comparisons, but when truly examining the characters and their interactions we can see how friends should act, and how they sometimes do.

The Potential Life Threatening Effects On Septic Shock

INTRODUCTION This clinical report will be discussing the potential life threatening effects â€Å"from cellulitis to septic shock†. Cellulitis is the starting cause of an infection that will lead through the sepsis cycle, finishing with the severe part septic shock (Swartz, 2004). Analysation of the interrelationships between localised infection, systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS), and the sepsis course will be discussed throughout this report. Additionally, this report will incorporate comprehensive detail of the physiological systemic weakening that can prompt septic shock. Finally, in-depth details about the investigation towards the red flags of disintegration, for example, intense respiratory trouble disorder will be analysed. METHODS Various methods were used during the direction of this clinical report. Different sources were investigated using the AUT library and online database to assemble books and journal articles. To guarantee that the data assembled was of high scholastic quality, genuine distributed books and companion, peer reviewed articles were utilised. At the point when inquiring about utilizing electronic databases. The resources found to conduct this report were published in English from the year 1998 to 2016. Keywords used to distinguish relating diary articles were sepsis, localised infection, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Newspapers to magazines and daily paperShow MoreRelatedThe Shock Is A Life Threatening Condition Of Circulatory Failure1568 Words   |  7 PagesShock is a life-threatening condition of circulatory failure that most commonly presents with hypotension. 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Psychology - 2912 Words

PSYCOLOGY EXAM Differentiate between Freud and Eriksons approach to psychoanalytic theory in this lesson. You will examine and compare developmental stages side by side and have the opportunity to test your knowledge with a quiz at the end. Example for Comparison Mary has a 3-month-old daughter. Mary bottle feeds her child and follows a strict schedule for feeding times. The child is not allowed to have a pacifier. Mary is an affectionate parent, and all of her childs needs are met. How could the actions that occur in the childs life now affect her later development? Similarities of Freud and Erikson Sigmund Freuds psychosexual theory and Erik Eriksons psychosocial theory are two important psychoanalytic theories on human development†¦show more content†¦The psychosexual stages have three main parts. Each of Freuds five stages has a physical focal point where the childs energy is strongest and where their pleasure is obtained. The stages also have a psychological theme and an adult character type. The oral stage is associated with the mouth area as the infant gains pleasure from sucking, swallowing, biting and chewing. The psychological theme to the oral stage is dependency as a baby can do little for itself. Too much or too little fulfilment can result in Oral Fixation. This fixation will be carried onto later life, where this type of personality may have a stronger tendency to smoke, drink, over eat and bite their nails. The anal stage is associated with the anal cavity and sphincter muscles of the bowel, which are now the main sources of pleasure. The child learns to control anal stimulation. Anal fixation can result in obsession with cleanliness and perfection. On the opposite side they may become disorganised and/or untidy. The phallic stage is associated with the genital area where this becomes the primary area pleasure. The child at this stage becomes aware of the sex differences; both boys and girls experience emotional feelings in relation to the opposite sex parent. The latency stage is theShow MoreRelatedPsychology : Psychology And Psychology1627 Words   |  7 Pagescovers the many questions we may have about psychology. It starts with the history and how it has changed throughout the years. It covers some of the many subfields and jobs you can have as a psychologist. It also covers the four big ideas that are associated with psychology. There are many more topics and sub-topics that will be covered within this paper on chapter 1. Section 1-1 Psychological Science is born: This section shows how the heart of psychology changes over time. 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The Labor Force Participation Rate

Questions: 1. The table below reports some labour market figures for a hypothetical country, Blefuscu in 2005. Assume that there are only two types of employment: full time and part time. Everyone who is not employed is unemployed. Calculate the Labour force participation and ii) unemployment rate. Show all your calculations. Population 15,000,000 Working age population 12,900,000 Number of people Not in the labour force 100,000 Part-time employment as a percentage of total 18% employment Number of full-time employees 4,953,000 Rate of underemployment 40% 2. The government of Blefuscu announces that the unemployment rate fell from 2005 to 2006. The government says this is positive news as it shows more jobs are being created and less people are unemployed. The labour unions, on the other hand, disagreed with this assessment and stated that they could find no evidence that additional jobs have been created between 2005 and 2006. Your task is to explain how the unemployment rate can fall even if there are no new jobs being created. First, using the numbers you have been given in 1A as the 2005 figures, fill in the table below by developing a set of numbers that show how the unemployment rate can fall even if there are no new jobs being created. Assume no change between 2005 and 2006 in the population, percentage of part time workers and working age population. Second, discuss in detail how the numbers show the unemployment rate can fall even if there are no new jobs being created. List two possible reasons why this may occur. Year 2005 2006 Population 15,000,000 15,000,000 Working age population 12,900,000 12,900,000 Number of people Not in the 100,000 Part-time employment as a 18% Number of full-time 4,953,000 Rate of underemployment 40% ___% Answer: (1). The Labor Force Participation rate is calculated by getting the total number of the labor force and then dividing it by the number of all the adults in an economy who are willing to work. However, adults who are still in college or university are excluded from the calculations. This is because they may not have the time to work either part time or full time. In the given figures, the number of the working population is 12,900,000 and the labor force is 12,800,000 (less the people who are not in the labor force 100,000), and number of adults/population is 15,000,000. Therefore, the rate expressed as a percentage is 85.33%. Labor force 12,800,000 Number of adults 15,000,000 Labor force Participation Rate 85.33% Unemployment rate is arrived at by adding up all the jobless people and then dividing that number by the labor force. In the given figures, the number of unemployed people or they are not in the labor force are is 100,000 and those who are in the labor force are in the working age population is 12,900,000. Therefore, the unemployment rate is 0.77% for Blesufcu. Unemployed people 100,000 Labor force 12,800,000 Unemployment Rate 0.78% (2). In an article by Boundless (2016), unemployment is not a complete computation and therefore it is likely to be faulty and be partial concerning the gathering of information in addition to irregularity in coverage. For instance, the rate of unemployment does not keep in mind people who may not be aggressively in search of jobs, including students who go to learning institutions or still, people who are in jail. Also it does not consider folks who are disabled and may desire to join the labor force, as well as individuals who toil for a short time and search for engagements full-time. Besides, a few people decide not to engage in some sort of unemployment and these figures are not measured. Because of failing to incorporate every person without a job in the computation of the job loss rate, the computation fails to give a precise measurement of the brunt of joblessness in a community. The prevalent fault in how various government agencies measure the rate of unemployment regards individuals who are vaguely termed to be jobless. The fundamental conjecture of overlooking them is that they are unemployed because they may perhaps not be interested in finding a job. Nevertheless, additional studies disagree with the conjecture. Research demonstrates that several individuals deemed to be unemployed truly would like an employment opportunity; they have merely quit searching because of they were not victorious in getting posts. Consequently, the rate of unemployment belittles the figure of citizens who would enjoy toiling for a salary other than they are not yet in gainful undertakings. An additional limitation of unemployment rate is that it does not differentiate occasional workers and the fully employed. Several folks reckoned as working by various government agencies are occasional employees who desire to be employed fully. Part-time employment hardly ever offers reimbursements or sufficient wages to pay for living costs. A working population consisting of a big figure of occasional employees, thus, cannot be deemed as strong. The phenomena in Blefuscu of the drop in the unemployment rate can be explained by the reasons above. Moreover, the rate of job losses can be misleading if a few factors are considered. Year 2005 2006 Population 15,000,000 15,000,000 Working age population 12,900,000 12,900,000 Number of people not in the labor force 100,000 86,000 Part-time employment as a percentage of total employment 18% 20% Number of full time employees 4,953,000 4,967,000 Rate of unemployment 40% 0.67% The table above shows the labor market statics for the hypothetical country, Blefuscu. The unemployment rate fell in 2006 and therefore the number of people not in the workforce dropped to 86,000. In addition, the unemployment rate fell because majority of the new workers opted for part time jobs, thus the percentage of them increased to 20%. Those who went for full time employment increased by a small margin to 4,967,000; the labor force summed up to 12,814,000 people and the jobless lot lessened to 86,000. In 2006, the unemployment rate was 0.67%. Although we have noted that this rate may not be ultimate rate. References Barrett, C, (2011), 'Australia and the Great Recession', Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington DC Black, S, and Cusbert, T, (2010), 'Durable Goods and the Business Cycle', Bulletin, September quarter 2010, pp 11-18, RBA, Sydney. Blanchard, O, Dell'Ariccia, G, and Mauro, P, (2010) 'Rethinking Macroeconomic Policy', IMF Staff Position Note, SPN/10/03, IMF, Washington DC. Boundless, (2016) Shortcomings of the Measurement, Boundless Economics, Retrieved May 2016 from https://www.boundless.com/economics Broda, C, and Parker, J A, (2008) 'The Impact of the 2008 Tax Rebates on Consumer Spending: Preliminary Evidence', Working Paper, University of Chicago Graduate School of Business Fukao, and Tangjun Yuan, (2007) Is China Gaining from Triangular Trade? An Analysis Based on Asian International Input-Output Tables, Trade-Related Indices and Trade Structure, IDE Statistical Data Series No. 91, Institute of Developing Economies (in Japanese).

Vegetarian Diet Essays - Diets, Vegetarianism, Intentional Living

Vegetarian Diet The vegetarian diet is becoming increasingly popular all the time. Is the vegetarian or meat diet better? A decade ago and earlier, the impression was that a vegetarian diet was lacking in the nutrients found in meat products. Today though, through research and nutritional science, it has been proven that all the nutrients found in meat can also be found in the correct vegetarian diet. Some may argue that by only consuming meat that is low in fat, meat and vegetarian diets have identical benefits. This is true only if one eats only very low fat meat. The lack of meat is not necessarily the main benefit of to the vegetarian. Vegetarians tend to eat more fruits, vegetables and grains that the meat eater. They also tend not to use tobacco and excessive alcohol. In addition, vegetarians tend to get more exercise. The term vegetarian can be misleading. This diet can take on many different variations. A fruitarian eats only fruits, seeds and nuts while the vegan eats these and vegetables, grains and legumes. A lacto vegetarian consumes the same as a vegan as well as dairy products. A lacto-ovo vegetarian follows after the lacto vegetarian but also includes eggs while the ovo vegetarian excludes dairy products. Finally, the partial vegetarian eats anything except red meat, or at least strictly limits it. Because the term vegetarian is used to cover all facets and variations, it is difficult to identify health benefits resulting from the vegetarian diet including all of the above. Most meat eaters do not realize that there are so many variations to the vegetarian diet, which makes accurate studies even more difficult. As a whole though, vegetarians tend to have less body fat than nonvegetarians. This is most likely due to the low fat and high carbohydrate content of their diet. Vegetarians usually have lower blood pressure than meat eaters because of lifestyle and diet. Other factors probably include exercise and resistance to smoking and alcohol intake. Coronary artery disease is directly related to saturated fat intake. In studies testing cholesterol levels, vegetarians beat out all others including those that only ate lean meats. Milk, however, lowers blood cholesterol, as does soy. Another benefit is the lack of digestive disorders among vegetarians. It is possible that this is directly related to the high fiber content consumed. The last main benefit of the vegetarian diet is its relationship to cancer rate reduction, especially colon cancer. People who develop colon cancer tend to eat more meat, less fiber, and more saturated fat than those without colon cancer. This is the same case with lymphatic cancer. The only advantage a meat eater might have over a vegetarian would be during pregnancy and childhood. Studies have shown that children grow best when they eat meat products. Likewise, vegetarian women may enter pregnancy too thin and be lacking in stores of nutrients. Obviously, there are advantages and drawbacks to both diets however I feel the vegetarian diets advantages greatly outweigh its shortcomings. Whether a meat eater or vegetarian, both diets can contribute to good health with proper planning.

9 Super-Tricky Job Interview Questions and How to Answer Them

9 Super-Tricky Job Interview Questions and How to Answer Them You’ve done a lot of interview prep already and you’re feeling pretty ready. But you’re still dreading the questions you haven’t prepped for- or the really tricky ones that seem perfectly simple, but have multiple strategic layers designed to get at something subtle. Don’t get tripped up or surprised by the following tricky questions- prepare your answers now so you’re calm, cool, and collected on your interview day.1. â€Å"Why did you leave?†Mostly tricky if you just got fired or quit soon after starting. Easy enough to answer if you lost your job as a part of a restructuring or layoff; just be honest there. Otherwise, be as transparent as possible and try to give answers about things that were out of your control (lack of growth opportunity or challenge, etc.). And restrain yourself from saying anything negative about the company or your former boss.2. â€Å"What’s your salary requirement?†Remember: loser speaks first. Try to avoid being the first person to say a hard number in this situation. Pivot if you can and do your best to get them to throw out a number first. If you must give a direct answer, make sure you have a good sense of what sort of salary range would be appropriate for you and start there. Make sure the bottom is no lower than your current salary or the low end of their advertised range.3. â€Å"How did you hear about the position?†You might be thinking: why do they want to know this? But remember, most hirers like referrals and it’s all about who you know. They’re trying to figure out who you might already know at the organization. They want to know whether you’re a champion networker, up on all the latest industry intel. Try to find an elegant answer to this question that isn’t just â€Å"uh†¦ I found it on a web search?†4. â€Å"What is your greatest professional achievement?†You get a chance to go into one accomplishment in depth here and really sell yourself. Try to load in plenty of quantifiable and verifiable detail into your answer. Back up any claims of your own greatness. But  don’t go overboard with the self-praise- humility might also be something they are looking for.5. â€Å"Where do you see yourself in 5 years?†They want to know first and foremost that you have a career vision for yourself. They also want to know if you’re so obsessed with finding a path up that you’ll be taking the first path out. Strike a balance between assuring them you’re keen to be a loyal contributor to the company for the long haul, and showing your ambition. Enthusiasm for the company itself will go a long way here, particularly if you feel you’re a great fit for their work culture and could see yourself advancing internally.6. â€Å"What’s with the gap in your employment?†You should be ready for this question if there are gaps in your employment. Be honest and succinct. Make sure to mention any volunteering or education that could earn you extra points. And be passionate about explaining any career changes, taking extra care to mention how your unique skills translate perfectly to this job.7. â€Å"Are you hoping to start a family?†Questions about your marital status and plans to have children are illegal, but you will occasionally be asked. Pivot from this answer as quickly as you can. Say something like: you’re really more focused on your career at the moment and very interested about this fascinating part of the company’s work†¦ is there more they could tell you about that?8. â€Å"Do you like to work on your own or as part of a team?†Both. You like both. Explain how great you are at both. Don’t let yourself get pigeonholed here, because you’ll never know when they’re looking for a self-starter they don’t have to worry about, or a true team player for a more collaborative environment.9. â€Å"Do you have any questions for us?†Interviews are supposed to be more of a two-way street than an interrogation. You will be asked if you have any questions and you will need to have a few. Even if most of your questions have been answered in the course of the interview, have one or two things you could ask. When in doubt, try: â€Å"What’s your favorite thing about working here?† And give your interviewer a chance to talk about herself and the company while you regroup.

Week 6 post class 6310 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 6 post class 6310 - Assignment Example Having had previous experience with a foreign nurse who did not fit the requirements needed is enough justification to take caution and act the way you are proposing to take and I would also make the same judgments and decisions (Billings and Halstead, 2012). I agree with your suggestions about the importance of the nurse being culturally sensitive and especially so because the Asian may take offense when the nurse suggests a change of diet. Since the Asian has also high academic achievements more than the nurse, it may be better if the nurse takes a smoother approach with a soft tone and not an assertive one that can be taken as an offense (Bradshaw, 2011). The approach you suggest of following the code of ethical conduct for recruitment of foreign-educated health professionals to the United States is very noble and unique one. This action will ensure that whatever decisions you will make about orienting the foreign nurse will not harm the nurse or enforce biasness and especially on cultural orientation (Alliance for Ethical International Recruitment Practices, 2012). Alliance for Ethical International Recruitment Practices (2012). The Code. Alliance for the ethical international recruitment practices. Retrieved from http://www.fairinternationalrecruitment.org/index.php/the_code Gulam, F.L.H. (2003). â€Å"Care of the Muslim patient.† Journal of Australian Defense Health Service, 4, 81-83. Retrieved from

Sports Products Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sports Products - Assignment Example Through the commercial that run during designated times, Fitbit advertisement intend to convince the consumers that the product offers real-time feedback, and thus suitable for tracking steps and vital statistics such as the calorie consumption (Salah, MacIntosh, & Rajakulendran, 2014). Notably, the FuelBand and Fitbit Flex advertisement compete to attract consumers to purchase the products. The FuelBand and Fitbit Flex target the both male and females who are health oriented and interested in tracking their vital statistics. The company segments the market according to none and sports participants. The marketers position the products as the replacement to physical trainers, workout logs, and other sports accessories (Guarda, 2013). Notably, the competing goal of the two companies is to create loyalty to the consumers through the focused-differentiation strategy. Nike’s advertisement depicts the company as the market leader in the sports product and technology, and it will always strive to reach the consumers through social media, families, and friends in order to increase the Nile community. On the other hand, the Fitbit adverts employ the geographic and behavioral segmentation. Salah, MacIntosh, and Rajakulendran (2014) contend that company targets the technologically savvy consumers in the middle and upper-classes. Guarda, D. (2013). Nike Takes Digital Data and Social Media Marketing Seriously. Retrieved 21 Apr. 2015, from http://www.intelligenthq.com/social-media-business/nike-takes-digital-data-and-social-media-marketing-seriously/ Salah, H., MacIntosh, E., & Rajakulendran, N. (2014). Wearable tech: Leveraging Canadian innovation to improve health. Retrieved 23 Apr. 2015, from

Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Fast Food Essay Most of people prefer to eat fast food such as hamburgers, fried chicken, shawarma or pizza and they dont know that this food will lead them to many health diseases. The main reason of eating fast food that many people are working long hours, shifts, or extended school hours and this will result in less time being available for cooking. The purpose of this essay is to discuss three effects of fast food eating which are the obesity, the loss of the family tradition of eating together and the cost of doing it. The first effect of fast food is that it causes obesity. People when they eat too much fast food will be more able to obtain fat; as a result, it will lead to more dangerous diseases, for example, high cholesterol, heart attack and high blood pressure. Also, teenagers who are suffer from overweight, they are mostly loss confident of themselves, like to be alone all the time and they are more obvious to have depression, Fatigue and Physical illnesses. The second effect of fast food eating is that it is making people isolated from the society. Sitting around the table with the family allows to share about their day and for parents to know more about their children. So, people when eating in the restaurant and spend most of their time outside; consequently, they are more likely to drink alcohol, smoke cigarette and try marijuana. The third effect of eating fast food is that it will eventually result in kills our personal budget. Fast food restaurant make their food taste good by add sugary substances. This also makes you want to come back, spending more money on food than necessary. These are three out of many other effects that fast food can have; however, to any sensible person they are more than enough to realize that fast food is bad. People cannot proud of being fat. It is terrible for health as well as personal appearance. In the end, those people who eat fast food are tend to be overweight, less time with family and live in poverty. Therefore, you should reduce eating too much of fast food.

Compare the ways in which the authors of The Red Room, The Black Essay

Compare the ways in which the authors of The Red Room, The Black Cottage and The Signalman create fear, suspense and tension. GCSE PROSE STUDY COURSEWORK: Compare the ways in which the authors of "The Red Room", "The Black Cottage" and "The Signalman" create fear, suspense and tension. In this essay i will be analysing the way three accomplished authors create an atmosphere of tension, fear and suspense in their three short stories. Once i had read their stories i instantly noticed how comparable the stories were. They write about fear and suspense in ways only you can comprehend if you have experienced it yourself. The stories seem to be filled with the authors' own experience of fear, suspense and tension, they incorporate this into their story and give the reader the exact feeling of what they personally felt themselves. They make sure that the reader knows how the characters feel and makes the reader become fond of the characters. The reader can really empathize with the writers, because they write in a first person narrative. The stories contain vivid description seen through the eyes of the narrators. The stories were written in victorian times and have a certain gothic style to them. The victorians believed it was immoral to isolate yourself from hummanity and cut yourself off from compassion - there is evidence of this in all three stories. In "The Signalman"(Charles Dickens) the signalman isolates himself from the rest of the world, therefore making the reader feel alone and this plays tricks on his own mind: " "Did it ring your bell yestersay evening when i was here, and you went to the door?" " Twice." " Why see," said i, " how your imagination misleads you. My eyes were on t... ...that the maid could well be alot smarter than the attackers and could escape from the terrorfying situation she is in. "The Signalman", Alot of climax and suspense becomes apparant in this story because the character tries to find out whether the supernatural that haunts him is real: ""Will you come to the door with me and look for it now?" He bit his under lip as though he were somewhat unwilling, but arose." Dickens shows here, that the once arrogant and self admired narrator is frightened of what might be on the other side of the red room's door. This then creates an understanding for the reader that even the most arrogant person will be afraid, once in the presence of the red room. With these examples you can see how the writer creates fear, suspense and tension, and why these stories are so brilliantly appraised as excellent pieces of writing.

Leadership and Management

ILM Level 3 Award in Leadership and Management: |Centre Number: |R31609 | |Centre Name: |Leeds Metropolitan Institute of Leadership and Management (ILM) Centre | |Student Name: |Alexandra Hunt | |Leeds Met Student ID: |33251825 | |Student Date of Birth: |15/01/1991 | |Student Email Address: |a. [email  protected] leedsmet. ac. uk | |Gender: |Female | |Assessment Summary | | | |This task requires you to develop and demonstrate your skills or potential skills in leading and building an effective team.In order to gain the ILM 3 | |Award in Leadership and Management you will need to complete and pass a number of questions in this short question test. | | | |Note: To complete the task you will need to draw upon your personal experiences in, for example; a part-time job, voluntary work, other groups (e. g. sports| |teams), and leadership you have observed, are familiar with or have read about. |Understanding Leadership Styles | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the factors that will infl uence the choice of leadership styles or behaviours in workplace situations | |Question 1: |Describe 2 factors that will influence the choice of leadership styles or behaviours in workplace situations (approximately 100 | | |words) | |If the person is in a situation where a decision needs to be made fast for example a paramedic may use an autocratic leadership style due to being in an | |emergency and needing to work objectively and quickly. | |During my 12 months placement I was working as recruitment consultant, a paternalistic leadership style on reflection was what I used when speaking to | |potential candidates, as it involved me using a lot of enthusiasm and persuasion. I need to use perceptive skills in order to pick up how the candidate was| |reacting and if it was a warm lead or a dead cold call. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain why these leadership styles or behaviours are likely to have a positive or negative effect on individual and group behaviour | |Question 2: |Following on from the previous question, please explain why these leadership styles or behaviours are likely to have a positive or | | |negative effect on individual or group behaviour (approximately 100 words) | |A con of using autocratic leadership style would mean that you may miss good ideas, and does not encourage team work, so often taking on a heavier work | |load yourself as you put the team in a position where they are needing constant supervision and approval from the autocratic leader. |A con of paternalistic leadership is that the selling only lasts as long as you are on the phone or are around for, and some candidates/people are not easy| |selling targets, you also may waste your time persuading them without gaining any commitment – which came across me time and time again when working as a | |recruitment consultant. | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Assess own leadership behaviours and potential in the context of a particular leadership model, using feedback from others | |Question 3: |Assess your own leadership behaviours and potential in relation to a leadership model discussed on the programme.Your reflection | | |should be based on what previous team members have fed back to you (approximately 100 words) | |At university currently we are participating in a module called consultancy project, whereby as group we have to write a report, research and offer | |recommendations to a real life client. Over the 4 months we have had 2 peers assessments and my feedback fits into the empowering leadership style, I have | |gained 100% commitment from the client and my team, I have motivated all my team members giving them guidance and reassurance when writing the report and | |they do trust my decisions that I have made. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe appropriate actions to enhance own leadership behaviour in the context of the particular leadership model | |Question 4: |Describe at least 2 appropriate actions to enhance your own leadersh ip behaviour in the context of a leadership model discussed on | | |the programme (approximately 100 words) | |To enhance my leadership skills I think I firstly need to take a more asking approach instead of getting so stressed myself without even consulting the | |other group members. Sometimes I tend to take it all upon myself without building the rest of the teams effort. | |Sometimes also using an autocratic style might be worth it, due to recently working with a team member who does not seem to put as much effort in as the | |others, to improve the group and work on my leadership styles he may respond to getting things done and meet objectives if I set them for him, this is | |something I will take with me and use to improve my group work with. | | | | | | | | |Understanding the Communication Process in the Workplace | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the importance of effective communication in the workplace | |Question 1: |Explain the importance of effective communication in the workplace (approximately 100 words) | |If communication in the workplace is bad it can have several effects such as decreased productivity, low morale and mistakes made. Communication is the key| |to running a successful business or project, it dismisses the pportunity for any important project to jeopardised (Allen Webster) | |High Productivity: the goal of any business, poor communication causes a breakdown in productivity resulting in profit loss or time loss. | |Morale: Not understanding a task causes low morale, as it makes employees feel confused and question wether they can contribute to the job role or not | |which leads to low self esteem. Tasks must be received in a clear concise manner focusing on the manager or the leaders communicative skills when | |surpassing important information. | |Mistakes: Written communication is essential and when writing emails which are now such a frequent task, you must be careful in choice of wording to ensure| |the email is not mi sunderstood or it can lead to unnecessary mistakes in the workplace. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the stages in the communication cycle | |Question 2: |Describe the stages in the communication cycle (approximately 100 words) | |The basic flow of communication: | |Sender –> Message –> Transmission –> Recipient –> Receiver | | | | | |In this flow the sender sends a message to the receiver and then they can share feedback on the communication process. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Identify possible barriers to communication in the workplace | |Question 3: |Describe two possible barriers to communication in the workplace (approximately 100 words) | |Environmental Barriers: The things that surround us, which prevent us from receiving the speaker’s message for example, other peoples conversation, time | |pressures, the weather, physical discomfort in the room you are sat in. – External barriers. | |Environmental barriers are related to the listener such as how the listener is feeling at the time. |Attitudinal Barriers: The thoughts and feelings going on inside our heads which prevent us from listening, for example boredom, you do not like the person | |who is speaking, – internal barriers. | |Attitudinal Barriers have a lot to do with the mood and beliefs of the listener. | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain how to overcome a potential barrier to communication | |Question 4: |Explain how to overcome a potential barrier to communication (approximately 100 words) | |Effective communication requires listening and strong concentration.So it is important when receiving information, to ensure that the conditions are | |conducive to listening. ILM 3 has taught me that when important conversations are taking place and you are not in the right frame of mind due to | |attitudinal barriers be prepared to take them offline. You can also use the 6 steps to hearing attention, to improve your communication when needed m ost. | |For example an improved step I should take is be aware when it is getting to deep for me, and I tend to switch off when it gets to complicated or complex. | |This is something I need to work on to improve my communication skill set and follow through on challenging tasks that I need to complete. | | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the main methods of written and oral communication in the workplace and their uses | |Question 5: |Describe the main methods of written and oral communication in the workplace and their uses (approximately 100 words) | |Written Communication: This should be used when needing to provide detailed information, such as figures and facts. Written communication is useful during | |briefs, it is useful when conducting a presentation to send extra written information out, the main use is when needing to refer back to it throughout a | |project or at a later date you can do, without having to ask the same questions again or repeat yourself. | |Or al Communication: This can be used during presentations, over the phone and is main form off communication. It is verbal, vocal and visual. You can | |convey the information you want to surpass on with passion and conviction and can be sure to get your message across clearly without any errors by using | |the tones in your voice. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of written methods of communication | |Question 6: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of written methods of communication (approximately 100 words) | |Advantages: Can store and be used at a later date. | |Easy to provide detailed information such as facts and figures | |Easy to pass on information from a third party. | | | |Disadvantages: Do not know if the information as been received unless a reply is needed. | |Writing skills are often difficult develop | |Poorly written documents can cost money. | | | | | | | | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of oral communication | |Question 7: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of oral communication (approximately 100 words) | |Advantages: Easy and quick | |Can communicate your point without much room for misunderstanding. |Can be given constructive feedback after a presentation from managers or vies versa | | | |Disadvantages: Need effective listening to be active and cannot always predict | | | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain how non-verbal communication can influence the effectiveness of oral communication | |Question 8: |Explain how non-verbal communication can influence the effectiveness of oral communication (approximately 100 words) | |A mixed message can occur when a persons body maybe ‘talking’, and when people do speak their bodies sometimes can say different things. For example eye | |contact is sign of confidence which much be used when attending interviews. | |At times a persons body maybe talking wh en they are actually sitting in silence. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the value of feedback in ensuring effective communication | |Question 9: |Explain the value of feedback in ensuring effective communication (approximately 100 words) | |Constructive feedback is a positive way to improve somebodies skill set. When feedback is communicated effectively it can keep some goal orientated. When | |feeding back you must focus on specific behaviours rather than making general statements however still aiming to keep it impersonal. Always ask questions | |to ensure the person understands the feedback and make sure they do not feel like that have been attacked in a negative way. The value of constructive | |feedback is the key to improvement. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Assess own performance in a frequently used method of communication. Outline actions to improve own performance in communicating | |Question 10: |Assess your own performance (identifying your strengths and weaknes ses) in one frequently used method of communication. Possible | | |methods include; verbal communication, e-mail, telephone etc. Then state two ways in which you could improve your performance as a | | |communicator when using this method. |Written Communication | | | |Strengths – I have managed to establish relationships over email a varied amount of time throughout my 12 month placement, and I have managed to keep a | |professional working relationships with these people, via Linked In, and I feel confident that if I needed there support I would be able to rely upon them | |for advice and support even 12 months later. This shows I have conveyed my personality through email and have managed to be personable and approachable | |through my writing skills. | | |Weaknesses | |My spelling and grammatical errors I something I need to be aware off, I tend to rush many emails, and this cannot look when speaking to a professional | |body as it undermines the content of my email. | |Due to emailing tutors and friends from all over the world, I need to make sure I distinguish the difference between a friendly more informal email to a | |formal email, for example ending an email with Kind Regards and Many thanks, can change the way you want your whole email to come across. So being specific| |with my language is key. | |I have learnt during the ILM course to use the P. O. W. E.R | |Understand How to Establish an Effective Team | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the benefits of effective working relationships in developing and maintaining the team | |Question 1: |Explain the benefits of effective working relationships in developing and maintaining the team (approximately 100 words) | |Bellman and Ryan define an extraordinary group as on which: | |‘Achieves outstanding results while members experience a profound shift in how they see their world’. | |Extraordinary groups are not only productive as employees, but also develop personally during there p articipation. |Authors suggest that effective team work can exhibit these common factors, | |Full engagement, shared leadership, embracing differences etc | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe behaviours which could develop and maintain trust at work | |Question 2: |Describe behaviours which could develop and maintain trust at work (approximately 100 words) | |During team work you spend many hours in creative and energised environment – you get to know each others strengths and weaknesses and become a small | |support network for each other. This enables the employees to form connections which go deeper than usual work relationships. Through my own experience of | |working in a team this year, it has evolved into a long term friendship on a personal level outside of the group work at university. |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the role of communication in developing effective team working | |Question 3: |Explain the role of communication in developing effective team working (ap proximately 100 words) | |Strong communication during team work can ensure that the team know and understand your visions and goals, and how you see the project going. This can make| |it easier when needing to combine an overall aim and setting various objectives. It means that you can achieve something together with no confusion and a | |mutual agreement. |Communication and personable behaviour can lead to strong support networks around, and creating a more confident and friendly environment to work in. | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the differences between a group and a team | |Question 4: |Explain the differences between a group and a team (approximately 100 words) | |A team is internally organised, with specific goals and usually specific roles for different members of the team. A group is a collection of people with | |something in common something as simple as being in the same place or having a shared interest. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the stages of an esta blished model of group formation | |Question 5: |Describe the stages of Tuckman’s model of group formation (approximately 100 words) | |Tuckman believes that all teams pass through four stages of development, gradually becoming more effective as the dynamics of the team change dramatically | |from periods of inefficiency and uneasiness through to a high period of performance. | |The four stages are as follows. |Forming: Uncertainty about roles, looking outside for guidance. | |Storming: Growing confidence in team, rejecting outside authority | |Norming: Concern about being different, wanting to be part of a team | |Performing: Concern with getting the job done | | | |He believes that a team will not be fully effective unless it reaches he stage of performing. Unless the four stage process is completed teams may | |degenerate too back into storming. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain how a manager could benefit from knowing team members’ preferred roles as defined i n an established team role model | |Question 6: |Explain how a manager could benefit from knowing team members’ preferred roles as defined in an established team role model, such as | | |Belbin’s model (approximately 100 words) | |If a manager can determine what roles are preferred by each team member they are able to have a strong insight into what is going on and who to go to for | |certain questions. For example if somebody is strong and enjoy financial analysis it makes it easier for the manager to delegate this to the team rather | |them than having to form together and get to know each other before assigning each other roles. Also if something goes the wrong the manager knows who to | |go to. | | |Belbin believes that new team members should be selected so that there is a balance both in terms of skill sets and team roles – if the manager knows what | |is missing he will be able to make an outside confirmed choice of what is needed in the team. | |Also ea ch role has its weaknesses. Knowing these weaknesses is useful for planning to avoid potential difficulties and for helping individuals develop – I | |personally feel this is the managers role. | | | | | Leadership and management Leadership has been the subject for quite some time now. Management experts have shown how leadership is important for organisations and how leaders emerge. There has been a debate on whether leaders are born or are trained to take on leadership roles. It has also been argued whether leaders are charismatic individuals or those who are highly skilled. Gibbons 1992 discusses how organisational roles shape the nature of leadership. Those in entrepreneurial positions are leaders who are risk takers; where as those who are in the supervisory roles tend to be those who conform to rules. George 1992 however takes the view that personality shapes leadership more than other traits. Leaders have been known to be persuasive, committed and visionary people and examples like Napoleon, Lincoln and Gandhi are often chosen to show how personality matters in Leadership roles. Management on the other hand is the ability to reach defined objectives using resources available. Managerial roles have not been seen as charismatic roles, they are more often than not logistical roles that skilled people occupy to be able to take the organisation toward its defined goals. Alvesson and Sveningsson 2003 examine the role of managers in providing leadership. In the modern context, managers are often asked to bear the responsibility of providing leadership in organisations. Today’s corporate manager is seen as a strategist and not someone who necessarily has all the traditional traits of being a leader. Management and Leadership: Similarities Management today is responsible for all the original roles that leadership played. Ohmae 1999 explains how today’s globalized world places different demands on those in power and occupying strategic roles in organisations. Management is responsible for hiring, training and nurturing talent by way of organising and supporting human resources. The manager is also someone who defines company policy in the context of laws and regulations that exist. Also managers are responsible for a long-term business plan that ensures the organisation keeps growing. In modern firms where a large number of employees work together across the globe, the dividing line between managers and leaders gets blurred and modern technology helps all managers communicate as effectively as leaders would have. Therefore today, the gap between leaderships and management is closing because of these growing similarities. Management and Leadership: Differences However there continue to be differences. Leadership is often a position that is acquired through informal developments that give certain people power. Management gives responsibility and authority. Leadership is what defines the long-term mission of organisations while management ensures that these goals are reached most effectively. Management requires specific skills and tools while leadership requires a set of traits that enable the leader lead from the front and do so in a manner that appeals to the entire team. Management is responsible for team building while leadership ensures that the team stays motivated and passionate about its tasks. Management is responsible largely to the shareholders while leaders must take into consideration all stakeholders. In today’s world where firms face pressure from voters, civil society organisations, the media and consumers, it is critical that top management take on a role where they act as spokespersons and ensure that such pressures do not act detrimentally to the interests of the firm. Leadership is often seen as a trait that is a function of the specific time and place and leaders bring special traits that enable them to operate successfully in the given context. Management however is a science that allows managers to operate efficiently anytime and in the globalized context, at any place where they apply the principles of management to generate efficiency. Leaders necessarily need to be good communicators, writers and speakers. Managers need to be clear in what they articulate not necessarily spectacular. Leaders inspire where as managers report. However any growing organisation today requires both leaders and managers. Those firms where managers take the leadership role find the going easier than others. But there are clear roles that both occupy. For firms to grow, in different markets and ensure that growth is sustainable, there is an active involvement from both managers and leaders in defining and implementing strategy. It is firms that are able to generate leaders and nurture managers who would perform well in the marketplace. Reference: Alvesson M and Sveningsson S, 2003, Managers Doing Leadership: The Extra-Ordinarization of the Mundane, Human Relations Gibbons P T, 1992, Impacts of Organizational Evolution on Leadership Roles and Behaviors, Human Relations J. M. George J M, 1992, The Role of Personality in Organizational Life: Issues and Evidence, Journal of Management Ohmae, K. 1999. ‘The Borderless World: Power and Strategy in the Interlinked Economy’. New York: Harper Business. Leadership and Management There are several subtle differences between the concepts of leadership and management. The functions and actions of each title differ in their foundation, expectation and execution. Those positions which exist under each title also differ – in their expectations, and motivations.   It is my goal, through achieving an MBA to develop a cohesion between these two roles in my work, and career endeavors. Leadership is less like a role, than it is an occasional action. (McCrimmon) It is the intention of a leader to inspire his or her followers to achieve their common goals. The focus of a leader is on the entirety of a project or goal. The followers, under the guides of leadership, assume the responsibility of carrying out the necessary actions required to achieve whatever goal is at hand. (CM) Management, on the other hand, handles the delegation of authority differently. Managers are concerned with all levels in the chain of command. Unlike the leaders, managers have subordinates – which, differing from followers, have much less personal inspiration for the work at hand. Managers have to overcome their subordinates’ personal desires with incentives. â€Å"Management requires efficiency, profitability, and depends on minimal inputs for maximum returns†. (McCrimmon) These two roles share a base theory – achieve a goal through the delegation of authority. It is in the manner and execution of this, in which they differ. The effectiveness of each has been proven, and while certain situations lend themselves to a particular set of expectations, both roles can achieve most any goal. Team work, in the American culture, derives from a centralized leader, and his or her subordinates. In the business setting, this would be the group manager. A properly organized team will consist of members which are chosen for their ability to execute certain aspects of a goal with efficiency. While it can be possible for a single person to be good a multiple tasks, if the situation allows, each person would be serve the group with only one responsibility. Conflict within the group setting can offer incentive to work harder, or, reciprocally, create tension. There are two main types of conflicts: affective and substantive. (Jehn 532) Substantive conflict arises through the competition of a task assigned to the group – and often works out through group communication. Affective conflict is far more disruptive. Affective conflict arises through differences in the members of the group – be it ethnic, cultural or other difference – and can stall group production completely. It is the responsibility of leaders and managers to address and – if possible – end conflict within a group. Without the cooperation within a group, it cannot complete the tasks at hand. Therefore, effective leadership and management must be able to identify and remove the sources of conflict. Through my experience as a manager and team leader in various situations including job responsibilities, and other school functions, and responsibilities in a group (i.e. organizational meetings in which I was a leader) I had to prove myself to others that I was up for the task of being a leader.   In order to manage effectively a certain amount of conflict resolution must be incorporated into any situation. I found that the conflict resolution texts that I have read in the past (centering around Gandhi and other peaceful leaders) gave me a certain edge of understanding when it came to difficult situations.   One particular incident in which I had to utilize my conflict resolution, and leadership skills was when I was working at my first job. Although I did not hold the title of manager yet, I was a well liked fellow employ at the local video shop.   Our goal was complete and total customer satisfaction:   the policy being that the customer is typically always right and that the employee must cater to the customer’s needs.   one day, I was just clocking in for my shift.   I went to the back of the store to ask the manager what station she wanted me on that day. She said to go ahead and go up front and handle customers since she was doing inventory in the back.   I went to the front of the store where a customer was already waiting impatiently for me.   He gave me his movies to rent and I asked for his membership card.   When his account came on my screen I informed him that he owed late fees amounting to over twenty dollars.   He was irate.   He said that he did not owe any late fees, because he turned those movies in on time.   The computer held testament that he was in fact late.   The tirade continued with a slew of swearing and the customer was obviously very upset about this. I knew that in situations like this it is much easier to react harshly, and yell back at the customer because he was definitely out of line with what he was calling me, and the emotions he was displaying.   However, I had to keep my job, and keep my head in this situation.   I took a moment in myself and realized that to react with the same negativity would only incite danger, and that this person was probably upset about something else in their life and was only letting it out on me because I was easy and he didn’t have to pay the consequences of his actions with me. With the utmost strength I had in self-control, and leadership, I asked the man kindly if he would like to take advantage of our promotion which was if a person donated canned goods then they only had to pay half of their late fees.   The man physically took a step back:  Ã‚   he did not expect this reaction I could tell.   I further informed him that if he wanted to leave and come back for the movies he wanted to rent, while getting canned goods I could hold the movies for him until his return. He took me up on the offer and came back with several cans of green beans, and cream corn, rented his movies, and even stuttered over his thank you when he left.   I feel that in this situation I took a leadership role in taking charge of the direction of the conversation and reflecting a cool demeanor without upsetting the customer.   This type of reaction was the necessary course in a business setting.   With an MBA degree I feel that I could enhance my leadership qualities and become a creative, manager utilizing conflict resolution. WORK CITED Jehn, Karen A. â€Å"A Qualitative Analysis of Conflict Types and Dimensions in Organizational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Groups†. Administrative Science Quarterly. Vol. 42, No. 3. September 1997. p. 530-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   557. McCrimmon, Mitch. â€Å"Leaders or Managers†. Leadersdirect.com. Self Renewal Group. 2006.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Date of Access: June 29, 2007. URL:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.leadersdirect.com/mgevslead.html â€Å"Leadership vs. Management†. Changingminds.org. 2006. Date of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Access: July 22, 2006. URL: Leadership and Management ILM Level 3 Award in Leadership and Management: |Centre Number: |R31609 | |Centre Name: |Leeds Metropolitan Institute of Leadership and Management (ILM) Centre | |Student Name: |Alexandra Hunt | |Leeds Met Student ID: |33251825 | |Student Date of Birth: |15/01/1991 | |Student Email Address: |a. [email  protected] leedsmet. ac. uk | |Gender: |Female | |Assessment Summary | | | |This task requires you to develop and demonstrate your skills or potential skills in leading and building an effective team.In order to gain the ILM 3 | |Award in Leadership and Management you will need to complete and pass a number of questions in this short question test. | | | |Note: To complete the task you will need to draw upon your personal experiences in, for example; a part-time job, voluntary work, other groups (e. g. sports| |teams), and leadership you have observed, are familiar with or have read about. |Understanding Leadership Styles | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the factors that will infl uence the choice of leadership styles or behaviours in workplace situations | |Question 1: |Describe 2 factors that will influence the choice of leadership styles or behaviours in workplace situations (approximately 100 | | |words) | |If the person is in a situation where a decision needs to be made fast for example a paramedic may use an autocratic leadership style due to being in an | |emergency and needing to work objectively and quickly. | |During my 12 months placement I was working as recruitment consultant, a paternalistic leadership style on reflection was what I used when speaking to | |potential candidates, as it involved me using a lot of enthusiasm and persuasion. I need to use perceptive skills in order to pick up how the candidate was| |reacting and if it was a warm lead or a dead cold call. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain why these leadership styles or behaviours are likely to have a positive or negative effect on individual and group behaviour | |Question 2: |Following on from the previous question, please explain why these leadership styles or behaviours are likely to have a positive or | | |negative effect on individual or group behaviour (approximately 100 words) | |A con of using autocratic leadership style would mean that you may miss good ideas, and does not encourage team work, so often taking on a heavier work | |load yourself as you put the team in a position where they are needing constant supervision and approval from the autocratic leader. |A con of paternalistic leadership is that the selling only lasts as long as you are on the phone or are around for, and some candidates/people are not easy| |selling targets, you also may waste your time persuading them without gaining any commitment – which came across me time and time again when working as a | |recruitment consultant. | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Assess own leadership behaviours and potential in the context of a particular leadership model, using feedback from others | |Question 3: |Assess your own leadership behaviours and potential in relation to a leadership model discussed on the programme.Your reflection | | |should be based on what previous team members have fed back to you (approximately 100 words) | |At university currently we are participating in a module called consultancy project, whereby as group we have to write a report, research and offer | |recommendations to a real life client. Over the 4 months we have had 2 peers assessments and my feedback fits into the empowering leadership style, I have | |gained 100% commitment from the client and my team, I have motivated all my team members giving them guidance and reassurance when writing the report and | |they do trust my decisions that I have made. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe appropriate actions to enhance own leadership behaviour in the context of the particular leadership model | |Question 4: |Describe at least 2 appropriate actions to enhance your own leadersh ip behaviour in the context of a leadership model discussed on | | |the programme (approximately 100 words) | |To enhance my leadership skills I think I firstly need to take a more asking approach instead of getting so stressed myself without even consulting the | |other group members. Sometimes I tend to take it all upon myself without building the rest of the teams effort. | |Sometimes also using an autocratic style might be worth it, due to recently working with a team member who does not seem to put as much effort in as the | |others, to improve the group and work on my leadership styles he may respond to getting things done and meet objectives if I set them for him, this is | |something I will take with me and use to improve my group work with. | | | | | | | | |Understanding the Communication Process in the Workplace | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the importance of effective communication in the workplace | |Question 1: |Explain the importance of effective communication in the workplace (approximately 100 words) | |If communication in the workplace is bad it can have several effects such as decreased productivity, low morale and mistakes made. Communication is the key| |to running a successful business or project, it dismisses the pportunity for any important project to jeopardised (Allen Webster) | |High Productivity: the goal of any business, poor communication causes a breakdown in productivity resulting in profit loss or time loss. | |Morale: Not understanding a task causes low morale, as it makes employees feel confused and question wether they can contribute to the job role or not | |which leads to low self esteem. Tasks must be received in a clear concise manner focusing on the manager or the leaders communicative skills when | |surpassing important information. | |Mistakes: Written communication is essential and when writing emails which are now such a frequent task, you must be careful in choice of wording to ensure| |the email is not mi sunderstood or it can lead to unnecessary mistakes in the workplace. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the stages in the communication cycle | |Question 2: |Describe the stages in the communication cycle (approximately 100 words) | |The basic flow of communication: | |Sender –> Message –> Transmission –> Recipient –> Receiver | | | | | |In this flow the sender sends a message to the receiver and then they can share feedback on the communication process. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Identify possible barriers to communication in the workplace | |Question 3: |Describe two possible barriers to communication in the workplace (approximately 100 words) | |Environmental Barriers: The things that surround us, which prevent us from receiving the speaker’s message for example, other peoples conversation, time | |pressures, the weather, physical discomfort in the room you are sat in. – External barriers. | |Environmental barriers are related to the listener such as how the listener is feeling at the time. |Attitudinal Barriers: The thoughts and feelings going on inside our heads which prevent us from listening, for example boredom, you do not like the person | |who is speaking, – internal barriers. | |Attitudinal Barriers have a lot to do with the mood and beliefs of the listener. | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain how to overcome a potential barrier to communication | |Question 4: |Explain how to overcome a potential barrier to communication (approximately 100 words) | |Effective communication requires listening and strong concentration.So it is important when receiving information, to ensure that the conditions are | |conducive to listening. ILM 3 has taught me that when important conversations are taking place and you are not in the right frame of mind due to | |attitudinal barriers be prepared to take them offline. You can also use the 6 steps to hearing attention, to improve your communication when needed m ost. | |For example an improved step I should take is be aware when it is getting to deep for me, and I tend to switch off when it gets to complicated or complex. | |This is something I need to work on to improve my communication skill set and follow through on challenging tasks that I need to complete. | | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the main methods of written and oral communication in the workplace and their uses | |Question 5: |Describe the main methods of written and oral communication in the workplace and their uses (approximately 100 words) | |Written Communication: This should be used when needing to provide detailed information, such as figures and facts. Written communication is useful during | |briefs, it is useful when conducting a presentation to send extra written information out, the main use is when needing to refer back to it throughout a | |project or at a later date you can do, without having to ask the same questions again or repeat yourself. | |Or al Communication: This can be used during presentations, over the phone and is main form off communication. It is verbal, vocal and visual. You can | |convey the information you want to surpass on with passion and conviction and can be sure to get your message across clearly without any errors by using | |the tones in your voice. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of written methods of communication | |Question 6: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of written methods of communication (approximately 100 words) | |Advantages: Can store and be used at a later date. | |Easy to provide detailed information such as facts and figures | |Easy to pass on information from a third party. | | | |Disadvantages: Do not know if the information as been received unless a reply is needed. | |Writing skills are often difficult develop | |Poorly written documents can cost money. | | | | | | | | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of oral communication | |Question 7: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of oral communication (approximately 100 words) | |Advantages: Easy and quick | |Can communicate your point without much room for misunderstanding. |Can be given constructive feedback after a presentation from managers or vies versa | | | |Disadvantages: Need effective listening to be active and cannot always predict | | | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain how non-verbal communication can influence the effectiveness of oral communication | |Question 8: |Explain how non-verbal communication can influence the effectiveness of oral communication (approximately 100 words) | |A mixed message can occur when a persons body maybe ‘talking’, and when people do speak their bodies sometimes can say different things. For example eye | |contact is sign of confidence which much be used when attending interviews. | |At times a persons body maybe talking wh en they are actually sitting in silence. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the value of feedback in ensuring effective communication | |Question 9: |Explain the value of feedback in ensuring effective communication (approximately 100 words) | |Constructive feedback is a positive way to improve somebodies skill set. When feedback is communicated effectively it can keep some goal orientated. When | |feeding back you must focus on specific behaviours rather than making general statements however still aiming to keep it impersonal. Always ask questions | |to ensure the person understands the feedback and make sure they do not feel like that have been attacked in a negative way. The value of constructive | |feedback is the key to improvement. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Assess own performance in a frequently used method of communication. Outline actions to improve own performance in communicating | |Question 10: |Assess your own performance (identifying your strengths and weaknes ses) in one frequently used method of communication. Possible | | |methods include; verbal communication, e-mail, telephone etc. Then state two ways in which you could improve your performance as a | | |communicator when using this method. |Written Communication | | | |Strengths – I have managed to establish relationships over email a varied amount of time throughout my 12 month placement, and I have managed to keep a | |professional working relationships with these people, via Linked In, and I feel confident that if I needed there support I would be able to rely upon them | |for advice and support even 12 months later. This shows I have conveyed my personality through email and have managed to be personable and approachable | |through my writing skills. | | |Weaknesses | |My spelling and grammatical errors I something I need to be aware off, I tend to rush many emails, and this cannot look when speaking to a professional | |body as it undermines the content of my email. | |Due to emailing tutors and friends from all over the world, I need to make sure I distinguish the difference between a friendly more informal email to a | |formal email, for example ending an email with Kind Regards and Many thanks, can change the way you want your whole email to come across. So being specific| |with my language is key. | |I have learnt during the ILM course to use the P. O. W. E.R | |Understand How to Establish an Effective Team | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the benefits of effective working relationships in developing and maintaining the team | |Question 1: |Explain the benefits of effective working relationships in developing and maintaining the team (approximately 100 words) | |Bellman and Ryan define an extraordinary group as on which: | |‘Achieves outstanding results while members experience a profound shift in how they see their world’. | |Extraordinary groups are not only productive as employees, but also develop personally during there p articipation. |Authors suggest that effective team work can exhibit these common factors, | |Full engagement, shared leadership, embracing differences etc | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe behaviours which could develop and maintain trust at work | |Question 2: |Describe behaviours which could develop and maintain trust at work (approximately 100 words) | |During team work you spend many hours in creative and energised environment – you get to know each others strengths and weaknesses and become a small | |support network for each other. This enables the employees to form connections which go deeper than usual work relationships. Through my own experience of | |working in a team this year, it has evolved into a long term friendship on a personal level outside of the group work at university. |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the role of communication in developing effective team working | |Question 3: |Explain the role of communication in developing effective team working (ap proximately 100 words) | |Strong communication during team work can ensure that the team know and understand your visions and goals, and how you see the project going. This can make| |it easier when needing to combine an overall aim and setting various objectives. It means that you can achieve something together with no confusion and a | |mutual agreement. |Communication and personable behaviour can lead to strong support networks around, and creating a more confident and friendly environment to work in. | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the differences between a group and a team | |Question 4: |Explain the differences between a group and a team (approximately 100 words) | |A team is internally organised, with specific goals and usually specific roles for different members of the team. A group is a collection of people with | |something in common something as simple as being in the same place or having a shared interest. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the stages of an esta blished model of group formation | |Question 5: |Describe the stages of Tuckman’s model of group formation (approximately 100 words) | |Tuckman believes that all teams pass through four stages of development, gradually becoming more effective as the dynamics of the team change dramatically | |from periods of inefficiency and uneasiness through to a high period of performance. | |The four stages are as follows. |Forming: Uncertainty about roles, looking outside for guidance. | |Storming: Growing confidence in team, rejecting outside authority | |Norming: Concern about being different, wanting to be part of a team | |Performing: Concern with getting the job done | | | |He believes that a team will not be fully effective unless it reaches he stage of performing. Unless the four stage process is completed teams may | |degenerate too back into storming. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain how a manager could benefit from knowing team members’ preferred roles as defined i n an established team role model | |Question 6: |Explain how a manager could benefit from knowing team members’ preferred roles as defined in an established team role model, such as | | |Belbin’s model (approximately 100 words) | |If a manager can determine what roles are preferred by each team member they are able to have a strong insight into what is going on and who to go to for | |certain questions. For example if somebody is strong and enjoy financial analysis it makes it easier for the manager to delegate this to the team rather | |them than having to form together and get to know each other before assigning each other roles. Also if something goes the wrong the manager knows who to | |go to. | | |Belbin believes that new team members should be selected so that there is a balance both in terms of skill sets and team roles – if the manager knows what | |is missing he will be able to make an outside confirmed choice of what is needed in the team. | |Also ea ch role has its weaknesses. Knowing these weaknesses is useful for planning to avoid potential difficulties and for helping individuals develop – I | |personally feel this is the managers role. | | | | |